Influenza viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae. The viral particles are about 80-120 nm in diameter and can be spherical or pleomorphic. Their lipid membrane envelope contains two glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). These two proteins determine the subtypes of Influenza A virus (i.e. swine flu strain, avian flu / bird flu strains). There are 18 H subtypes and 11 N subtypes.
HA is the major surface antigen of the influenza viruses, against which neutralizing antibodies are elicited during virus infection and vaccination. The single polypeptide HA is subsequently cleaved into two polypeptides, HA1 and HA2. The HA1 polypeptide mutates more frequently than HA2, and plays a crucial role in natural selection.
The Influenza A viral genome consists of eight, single negative-strand RNAs that can range between 890 and 2340 nucleotides long. Each RNA segment encodes one to two proteins. Of the three types of influenza virus (A, B and C), the influenza A and influenza B types can cause flu epidemics.
Click on each category for more information:
-Influenza Virus ORF cDNA Clones
-Full-Length Recombinant Proteins: Influenza A and Influenza B
-Rabbit IgGs for Influenza A/B
-Muose Monoclonal Antibodies for Influenza A and Influenza B
-Influenza ELISA Kits
-Influenza Pseudovirus (VLP)
-Influenza Vaccine Composition (from 2012 to 2024)
Recent Citations:
1. Humoral and cellular immune responses in critically ill influenza A/H1N1-infected patients. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, April 2021.
2. Persistently high antibody responses after AS03-adjuvanted H1N1pdm09 vaccine: Dissecting the HA specific antibody response. Nature, NPJ vaccines, April 2021.
3. Long-Term Recovery of the Adaptive Immune System in Rhesus Macaques After Total Body Irradiation. Advances in Radiation Oncology, April 2021.
4. Nanobodies mapped to cross-reactive and divergent epitopes on A(H7N9) influenza hemagglutinin using yeast display. Nature, Feb. 2021.
Influenza Virus Research Products per Strain: