SFTS & RVF Viruses
SFTS Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus Research Products | eEnzyme
SFTS Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus Research Products
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About SFTS Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), also known as Dabie bandavirus, is an enveloped, tick-borne RNA virus in the genus Bandavirus and family Phenuiviridae. It causes severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, an emerging zoonotic disease characterized by acute fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and, in severe cases, multiorgan dysfunction or neurologic involvement.
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an enveloped mosquito-borne virus in the genus Phlebovirus and family Phenuiviridae. It primarily affects domesticated ruminants, where infection can cause high mortality in young animals and abortion in pregnant livestock. Humans may become infected through contact with infected animal tissues or fluids or through mosquito bites; most infections are mild, although severe ocular, neurologic, hemorrhagic, or hepatic disease can occur.
Both viruses have spherical or pleomorphic enveloped particles containing the surface glycoproteins Gn and Gc. Their genomes consist of three RNA segments designated large (L), medium (M), and small (S). The viral ribonucleoprotein complexes contain genomic RNA associated with nucleoprotein N and the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
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SFTSV and RVFV virion structure and three-segment genome organization.
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Genome Organization & Encoded Proteins
The L segment encodes the large RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The M segment encodes a glycoprotein precursor that is processed into the envelope glycoproteins Gn and Gc and, in RVFV, also produces nonstructural NSm proteins. The S segment uses an ambisense coding strategy to encode nucleoprotein N and the nonstructural NSs protein in opposite orientations.
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L Segment
Encodes the large (L) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase responsible for viral transcription, genome replication, and cap-snatching-dependent viral mRNA synthesis.
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M Segment
Encodes the glycoprotein precursor that is processed into Gn and Gc. These envelope proteins mediate attachment, membrane fusion, virion assembly, and antibody recognition.
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S Segment
Uses an ambisense strategy to encode nucleoprotein N, which packages viral RNA, and NSs, a nonstructural protein involved in regulation of host antiviral responses.
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| Protein |
Principal Function |
| L — Polymerase |
Catalyzes viral RNA transcription and replication and performs cap snatching for viral mRNA synthesis. |
| Gn |
Envelope glycoprotein involved in cell attachment, glycoprotein organization, virion assembly, and immune recognition. |
| Gc |
Class II membrane-fusion glycoprotein that mediates low-pH fusion after endosomal entry and is a target of neutralizing antibodies. |
| N — Nucleoprotein |
Encapsidates each genomic RNA segment and forms ribonucleoprotein complexes with the viral polymerase. |
| NSs |
Nonstructural virulence factor that alters host-cell antiviral signaling and gene expression; its mechanisms differ between SFTSV and RVFV. |
| NSm — RVFV |
M-segment-encoded nonstructural proteins associated with membrane localization, virus assembly, and modulation of cell-death pathways. |
Scientific Resources & Further Reading
The following trusted organizations and databases provide information on SFTSV and RVFV taxonomy, genome organization, transmission, epidemiology, disease, and viral proteins.
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