Coronavirus Pseudoviruses
Coronavirus Research Tools > SARS-CoV-2 Pseudoviruses and Related Cell Lines
What are viral pseudotyped particles (or pseudoviral particles, or pseudovirus, "PP", viral like particles "VLP") ?
“Viral pseudotyped particles are enveloped virus particles that harbor heterologous envelope glycoproteins on their surface and a genome lacking essential gene. ...They have proven to be very useful tools used in research with many applications, such as enabling the study of entry pathways of enveloped viruses … ” [Jean Kaoru Millet, etc. Bio Protoc. 2016 Dec 5;6(23): e2035]
Figure 1. Outline of the production of the MLV-based spike-pseudotyped particles.
(Reference: Construction and applications of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses: a mini review, Int J Biol Sci. 2021 Apr 10;17(6):1574-1580)
We have generated replication-deficient MLV-based Coronavirus Spike-pseudotyped particles for critically important SARS-CoV-2 spike variants. MLV or MuLV (murine leukemia virus) -based virus system is a better choice than HIV-based lentivirus system for making pseudoviral particles in regards of lab safety and product quality. Gag-Pol is the only component from MLV.
Figure 2. . Illustration of the replication-deficient MLV particle pseudotyped with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.
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Figure 3. EM views of our MLV-based spike-pseudotyped particles.
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With our SARS-CoV-2 (or SARS-1 or MERS) spike PP items and stable cell lines (i.e. HEK293-ACE2, vero, CHO), researchers could do a lot via infectivity assays:
1) to study the interactions between Spike and the host cell receptor(s) in specific conditions;
2) to validate the candidates that blocks the interaction between Spike and the host cell receptor(s);
3) to screen convalescent serum samples for neutralizing antibodies, etc.
Selected citations of our MLV-based SARS-CoV-2 spike-pseudotype particles:
1. Immunogenicity and Neutralizing Activity Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Full-Length and Subunit Domain Proteins in Young Adult and Old-Aged Mice. Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Apr; 9(4): 316
2. A novel linker-immunodominant site (LIS) vaccine targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein protects against severe COVID-19 in Syrian hamsters. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2021; 10(1): 874–884
3. Serum Antibody Profile of a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Reinfection. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2021, 72(10), e659–e662
4. Metallodrug ranitidine bismuth citrate suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication and relieves virus-associated pneumonia in Syrian hamsters. Nat. Microbiol. 5, 1439–1448 (2020)
5. A Pseudovirus-Based Neutralization Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Rapid, Cost-Effective, BSL-2–Based High-Throughput Assay Useful for Vaccine Immunogenicity Evaluation. Microorganisms 2024, 12(3), 501
6. Immunogenicity and Efficacy of VLA2001 Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Male Cynomolgus Macaques. Communications Medicine 2024, 4:62.
7. Validation of a Pseudovirus Neutralization Assay for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: A High-Throughput Method for the Evaluation of Vaccine Immunogenicity. Microorganisms 2024, 12(6), 1201.
8. Assessment of the neutralizing antibody response in Omicron breakthrough cases in healthcare workers who received the homologous booster of Moderna mRNA-1273. Virology 595 (2024)
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